منابع مشابه
Refraction of swell by surface currents
Using recordings of swell from pitch-and-roll buoys, we have reproduced the classic observations of long-range surface wave propagation originally made by Munk et al. (1963) using a triangular array of bottom pressure measurements. In the modern data, the direction of the incoming swell fluctuates by about ±10 ◦ on a time scale of one hour. But if the incoming direction is averaged over the dur...
متن کاملObservations of swell influence on ocean surface roughness
[1] Field measurements of the ocean surface wave spectrum focusing on the slope-contributing components are used to construct a spectral model of the ocean surface roughness. The spectral parameterization is established with the observed empirical power law relation between the dimensionless wave spectral density and wind speed. The power law parameters (proportionality coefficient and exponent...
متن کاملSwell-induced surface instability of confined hydrogel layers on substrates
In response to external stimuli, polymeric hydrogels can change volume and shape dramatically. Experimental studies have observed a variety of instability patterns of hydrogels, due to swelling or shrinking, many of which have not been well understood. The present paper considers swell-induced surface instability of a hydrogel layer on a rigid substrate. Based on a recently developed theoretica...
متن کاملInfluence of Surface Cooling on Extrudate Swell - a Numerical Study
Influence of convective cooling at the extrudate’s free surfaces on its own swelling behaviour is examined numerically when viscous fluids of a Newtonian type are extruded. In circular die extrusion, increasing the surface heat transfer coefficient h increases extrudate’s thickness swell at low Nahme-Griffith number Na; at high Na, however, this trend tends to be reversed. With annular dies, a ...
متن کاملEffect of surface tension on swell-induced surface instability of substrate-confined hydrogel layers†
Swell-induced surface instability has been observed experimentally in rubbers and gels. Here we present a theoretical model that predicts the critical condition along with a characteristic wavelength for swellinduced surface instability in substrate-confined hydrogel layers. The effect of surface tension is found to be critical in suppressing short-wavelength modes of instability, while the sub...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Marine Research
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0022-2402,1543-9542
DOI: 10.1357/002224014813758959